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| 1882 |
| | | Stanley establishes a foothold for Leopold II on the southern bank of the Congo, at a site which he names Leopoldville (now Kinshasa) | |
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| 1885 |
| | | Britain annexes Bechuanaland as a protectorate, to secure the route north from the Cape into central Africa | |
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| 1893 |
| | | The British Central African Protectorate is set up in the region of present-day Malawi | |
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| 1903 |
| | | Roger Casement, British consul in the Congo Free State, discovers appalling abuses by Belgian companies | |
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| 1908 |
| | | International outrage at Congo atrocities forces Belgium to annexe King Leopold's private colony | |
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| 1909 |
| | | Mineral discoveries on the border of Northern Rhodesia and the Belgian Congo give the first hint of the riches of the Copper Belt | |
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| 1910 |
| | | Three French colonies south of the Sahara are consolidated as French Equatorial Africa | |
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| 1911 |
| | | Copper mining begins in Katanga, soon to be followed by the extraction of even more profitable diamonds | |
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| 1915 |
| | | February - British and French forces invade and capture the German colony of Cameroon | |
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| 1916 June 17 |
| | | Belgian troops from the Congo occupy the German colony of Ruanda-Urundi | |
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